Análise eletromiográfica de músculos da coluna vertebral durante a marcha em diferentes formas de carregar o bebê / Electromyographic analysis of the spinal muscles during the gait in different ways to carry a baby

Introdução: A forma de carregar o bebê pode causar desequilíbrios em músculos relacionados à coluna vertebral. Objetivos: Investigar a atividade elétrica dos músculos trapézio fibras descendentes e eretores lombares durante a marcha na simulação de carregar um bebê. Métodos: 20 voluntárias, destras e saudáveis participaram das coletas durante a marcha em esteira na simulação do ato de carregar o bebê em diferentes formas: 1) posição horizontal; 2) posição vertical; 3) suporte tipo "canguru" e 4) suporte tipo "sling". Os resultados eletromiográficos foram analisados pela análise da intensidade do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos trapézio fibras descendentes e eretores espinhais lombares bilateralmente. Resultados: A ANOVA de dois fatores indicou que a forma de carregar (F(4,59)=17,1 p<0,001) e lado (F(1, 59)=89,6 p<0,001) afetaram a intensidade da atividade do músculo eretor espinhal e também a forma de carregar (F(4, 59)=6,4 p<0,001) e lado (F(1, 59)=59,9 p<0,001) do músculo trapézio fibras descendentes. Conclusões: O suporte canguru gerou menor ativação em músculos espinhais durante a quando comparado a outras situações.

Introduction: The way to carry the baby may cause imbalances in muscles related to the spine. Objectives: To investigate the electrical activity of the muscles trapezius descending fibers and lumbar erector during the simulation of carrying a baby. Methods: 20 volunteers right-handed and healthy participate of the study during walking on a treadmill to simulate the act of carrying the baby in different ways: 1) horizontal position; 2) vertical position; 3) Support Type "kangaroo" and 4) Support Type "sling". The EMG results were analyzed by analysis of the intensity of the electromyographic signal of the muscles trapezius fibers descendants and spinal lumbar erector bilaterally. Results: A two-way ANOVA indicated that the way of loading (F(4, 59)=17.1 p <0,001) and next (F(1, 59)=89.6 p <0.001) affected the intensity of the activity spinal erector muscles and also the way of loading (F(4, 59)=6.4 p <0.001) and next (F(1, 59)=59.9 p <0.001) of the trapezius muscle fibers descendants. Conclusions: Kangaroo support generated less activation in spinal muscles during when compared to other situations.

Rede de descanso e ninho: comparação entre efeitos fisiológicos e comportamentais em prematuros / Hamaca y nido: comparación entre los efectos fisiológicos y de comportamiento en prematuros / Hammock position and nesting: comparison of physiological and behavioral effects in preterm infants

RESUMO Objetivo comparar os efeitos da aplicação de redes de descanso em prematuros, após a troca de fraldas, em comparação com o ninho. Métodos pesquisa quase experimental, crossover, com 30 prematuros internados em uma unidade de cuidados intermediários de um hospital público de Brasília, DF, no período de novembro de 2011 a março de 2012. Foram avaliados os efeitos das duas intervenções (ninho e rede) após a troca de fraldas. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste t de Student com nível de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05). Resultados os prematuros, quando em rede, se mostraram menos estressados (p=0,002), tiveram menos características definidoras para o diagnóstico de enfermagem “Comportamento Desorganizado do Bebê” (p=0,05) e permaneceram em postura terapêutica em relação ao ninho (p=0,04). Conclusão quando comparado ao ninho, os prematuros posicionados em redes estiveram menos estressados, mais organizados e em melhor postura terapêutica.

RESUMEN Objetivo Para comparar los efectos de la aplicación de las hamacas en los bebés prematuros después de cambiarles pañales, en comparación con el nido. Métodos investigación casi experimental, cruzada con 30 recién nacidos prematuros en una unidad de cuidados intermedios en un hospital público en Brasilia-DF, a partir de noviembre de 2011 a marzo de 2012. Los efectos de las dos intervenciones (nido y la hamaca) después de cambiar pañales. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la prueba t de Student con un nivel de confianza del 95% (p <0,05). Resultados prematuros cuando posicionados en hamaca, estaban menos estresados (p = 0,002), tenían menos características definitorias para el diagnóstico de enfermería “Comportamiento Desorganizado del Bebé” (p = 0,05) y se mantuvo en la postura terapéutica en relación con el nido (p = 0,04). Conclusión en comparación con el nido, los prematuros posicionados en hamaca estaban menos estresados, más organizados y con mejor posicionamiento terapéutico.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effects of the use of hammocks versus nesting in preterm infants, after diaper changing. Methods quasi-experimental study, a cross-over trial with 30 preterm newborns in an intermediate care nursery (ICN) in a public hospital in Brasilia-DF, conducted from November 2011 to March 2012. The effects of the two interventions (nesting and hammock) after diaper changing were assessed. Student’s t test with a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05) was used in data analysis. Results In hammock position the preterm infants were found to be less stressed (p = 0.002), had fewer defining characteristics indicating nursing diagnosis “Disorganized Infant Behavior” (p = 0.05) and remained in a more suitable position for receiving intensive care compared to nesting (p = 0.04). Conclusion Preterm infants in hammock position, compared to nesting, were less stressed, with a more organized behavior and in a better position for receiving intensive care.

Risk Factors of Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during Outbreak

PURPOSE: Invasive carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in critically ill patients and neonates. We aimed to determine the risk factors of invasive infection in neonates with CRAB colonization, and differences in clinical outcomes between CRAB colonization and infection groups during the CRAB outbreak. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from 45 patients with CRAB during the outbreak at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from May 2011 until April 2012. RESULTS: CRAB infection developed in 7 neonates (15.5%). Clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (colonization group, 57.9% vs. infection group, 100%; P=0.04) and intubation state at initial CRAB isolation (44.7% vs. 100%, respectively; P=0.01) were more prevalent in the infection group. Univariate analysis results showed that a 1-min Apgar score of 14 had odds ratios of 9.9 (P=0.04) and 24.0 (P=0.02), respectively, for invasive CRAB infection. Total lengths of intubation, central venous catheterization, and CRAB isolation were significantly longer in the invasive infection group than colonization group. As a clinical outcome, incidence of bacteremia other than CRAB (26.3% vs. 71.4%, P=0.03) was higher in the infection group, but there was no differences in the mortality rates between groups (15.8% vs. 42.9%, respectively; P=0.13). CONCLUSION: A 1-min Apgar score of 14, clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus, and intubation state at initial isolation were found to be risk factors for invasive CRAB infection during the outbreak. During CRAB outbreak, early and appropriate antimicrobial treatment should be administered to high-risk patients.

Actitud de los pediatras sobre el uso de andadores para los bebés / Pediatricians' attitude about the use of infant walkers

Los andadores se utilizan frecuentemente a pesar de que su uso puede ocasionar lesiones. Se realizó una encuesta para obtener información sobre las actitudes y el abordaje de los pediatras respecto del uso de andadores. Se invitó a 247 pediatras que asistieron al 44° Congreso Turco de Pediatría y Europediatría (2008) a responder un cuestionario preparado por los autores. Se incluyeron en el análisis 226 cuestionarios respondidos en forma completa. La mediana de edad de los participantes (119 mujeres) fue de 39 años (29 a 58). De ellos, 4% recomendaban el uso de andadores, 32,3% dejaban la decisión a criterio de los padres y 63,7% no lo recomendaban. Ciento cinco habían tratado con anterioridad a un bebé que sufrió una lesión relacionada con el uso del andador; de ellos, 73,3% no recomendaron su uso y 57,1% opinaron que la producción y el uso de andadores deberían prohibirse. Conclusiones. El 4% de los pediatras encuestados recomiendan el uso de andadores para bebés y más del 30% dejan la decisión a los padres. Los pediatras que atendieron a un bebé que sufrió una lesión por el uso del andador fueron menos proclives a recomendarlo.

Infant walkers are still very popular even though their use might cause injuries. A survey was carried out to obtain information about attitudes and pediatricians' approach regarding the use of infant walkers. Two hundred and forty seven pediatricians who attended the 44th Turkish Congress of Pediatrics and Europediatrics (2008) were invited to reply to a questionnaire prepared by the authors. Two hundred and twenty six questionnaires replied in full were included. The median age of participants (119 women) was 39 years old (range: 29-58 years old). Out of the total, 4% recommended the use of a walker; 32.2% left the decision to parents' judgment, and 63.7% did not recommend its use. A hundred and five had previously treated an infant who had an injury associated to the use of the walker; out of them, 73.3% did not recommend its use and 57.1% stated that there should be a ban on the sale and manufacture of walkers. Conclusions. Out of the total number of surveyed pediatricians, 4% recommend the use of infant walkers and over 30% leave this decision to parents. Those pediatricians who took care of babies who had an injury associated to the use of a walker were less prone to recommending it.

Nidos de contención para recién nacidos y riesgo de muerte súbita del lactante / Newborn sleep positioners and sudden infant death syndrome risk

La incidencia de muerte súbita del lactante disminuyó con las primeras campañas de prevención, desde 1992. En la actualidad, aumentaron las muertes infantiles por sofocación, asfixia o atrapamiento, algunas relacionadas con el uso de nidos, posicionadores o almohadillas laterales para la cuna. Los medios de comunicación y los fabricantes debieran respetar las recomendaciones sobre sueño seguro, pero la fabricación, publicidad y venta de objetos que pueden afectar la seguridad de los niños carece de fiscalización. Se enfatiza la importancia de los profesionales de la salud en la difusión de las recomendaciones actuales para prevenir la muerte infantil durante el sueño.

The rate of sudden infant death decreased after the publication of the first guidelines regarding infant sleep position and safe environment in 1992. From 2005 onwards, infant deaths by suffocation, choking or entrapment have increased. Some of them were associated with wedges, positioning devices, and bumper pads. Media and manufacturers should follow safe sleep guidelines in their messaging and advertising, but there is a lack of control over this. We emphasize the important role of health professionals in disseminating the recommendation for a safe infant sleep environment.

Child maltreatment types and effects: series of six cases from a university hospital in Oman

Child maltreatment [CM] is common worldwide, and can take many forms. It may even endanger the child's life, especially when younger children are the victims. CM affects the child's quality of life and consequently leads to long term issues to be dealt with by the child, family and community. This case series discusses six children who have been subjected to CM, and diagnosed by the child protection team of the departments of Child Health and Behavioural Medicine at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital [SQUH], Oman. The aim of this case series is to increase the level of awareness of CM among Oman's medical professionals and to highlight the difficulties encountered in diagnosing and providing optimal care for these children. Although treatment is provided in Oman's health care system, it is clear that there are gaps in the existing system which affect the quality of child protection services provided to the children and their families

Beliefs about the use of baby walkers / Crenças sobre o uso do andador infantil

OBJECTIVES: To understand the opinion of the parents about the baby walker and compare the age of gait acquisition between infants that used a walker and those that did not. METHODS: In this quali-quantitative study, an interview involving a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out with 26 parents, 14 of whose infants used the equipment (BWG) and 12 of whose infants did not (NBWG) prior to gait acquisition. After extensive content analysis, categories for interpreting the results emerged. For data triangulation, the age of gait acquisition was documented by weekly telephone contact. Student's t-test was used for comparison between groups with a significance level of α=0.05. RESULTS: The following categories were identified in the parents' reports: a) information about the baby walker; b) doubt/decision to use it vs. certainty about not using it; c) beliefs about the use of a baby-walker; and d) benefits and harm from use. The age of independent gait acquisition did not differ between groups (p=0.837): BWG initiated gait at 376.17 (SD=32.62) days and NBWG did so at 378.75 (SD=27.99) days. CONCLUSIONS: The beliefs and feelings that permeate the decision to use a baby walker illustrate the different rationales adopted by parents about the role of this equipment in the child's development of gait and autonomy. The use of a baby walker did not influence the age of gait acquisition. The results broaden the understanding of choices that influence child-rearing practices prior to gait acquisition.

OBJETIVOS: Conhecer a opinião dos pais sobre o uso do andador infantil e comparar a idade de aquisição da marcha independente entre os lactentes que usaram e os que não usaram o andador. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo qualiquantitativo, realizou-se entrevista com questionário semiestruturado com 26 pais, 14 de lactentes que usaram (GUAI) e 12 dos que não usaram o equipamento (GNUAI) antes da aquisição da marcha. Empregou-se análise de conteúdo, a partir da qual, após extensa leitura, emergiram-se as categorias para interpretação dos resultados. Para triangulação dos dados, a idade de aquisição de marcha foi documentada por contato telefônico semanal e, para comparação entre grupos, usou-se o teste t de Student, nível de significância α=0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas, nos relatos dos pais, as categorias: a) informações sobre o andador infantil; b) dúvida/decisão em usar versus certeza de não usar; c) crenças sobre o uso do andador infantil e d) benefícios e malefícios do uso. A idade de aquisição da marcha independente não foi diferente entre os grupos (p=0,837): GUAI iniciou a marcha com 376,17 (DP=32,62) dias e GNUAI, com 378,75 (DP= 27,99) dias. CONCLUSÕES: As crenças e sentimentos que permeiam a decisão de usar o andador ilustram racionalidades distintas entre os pais sobre o significado desse equipamento para o desenvolvimento da marcha e ganho de autonomia da criança. O uso do andador infantil não influenciou a idade de aquisição da marcha. Os resultados ampliam o entendimento das escolhas que podem influenciar as práticas maternas no período pré-aquisição da marcha.

Estimulação ambiental e uso do andador infantil por lactentes com desenvolvimento normal / Environmental stimulation and use of a children's baby walkers by infants with normal development

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a quantidade e qualidade de estímulos ambientais disponíveis para lactentes com desenvolvimento normal que fizeram uso do andador infantil anteriormente à aquisição da marcha independente. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, com 24 lactentes distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo 12 do grupo exposto ao andador infantil (AI) e 12 do grupo não-exposto (C), mantendo-se equivalência entre grupos em idade, sexo e nível sócio econômico da família. O teste Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) documentou os estímulos oferecidos pelo ambiente. Teste-t de Student para amostras independentes comparou os escores médios do teste HOME de ambos os grupos, considerando o nível de significância α=0,05. RESULTADOS: diferenças no teste HOME foram observadas, tendo o grupo AI obtido escores superiores ao grupo C (p=0,014), com efeito de magnitude fraca (d=0,24). CONCLUSÕES: o uso do voador infantil no período pré-aquisição da marcha por lactentes com desenvolvimento normal, pode estar associado a ambientes domiciliares mais estimuladores.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the quantity and quality of environmental stimuli available to infants with normal development who use a baby walkers prior to learning to walk by themselves. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 24 infants distributed into two groups of twelve: one group of children who had used a baby walkers (BW) and 12 who had not (C), with the children in both groups being of equivalent ages, sex, and socio-economic background. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) test provided a documentary Record of the stimuli provided by the environment. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare the mean scores on the HOME test of both groups, considering the level of significance to be α=0.05. RESULTS: differences in the HOME scores, with the BW group obtaining higher scores than the control group (p=0.014), with a low magnitude effect (d=0.24). CONCLUSIONS: the use of a children's baby walkers in the period before learning to walk by infants with normal development may be associated with more stimulating home environments.

Early stress hyperglycemia as independent predictor of increased mortality in preterm infants / 소아과

Purpose: Stress hyperglycemia is common in critically ill adult patients. It is known as a predictor of increased mortality, and intensive insulin therapy has been shown to improve the prognosis in such patients. We have investigated the relationship between early stress hyperglycemia and clinical outcomes in preterm infants. Methods: In this study, 141 preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks were enrolled. The hyperglycemic group was defined as that having maximum glucose of more than 150 mg/dL (n=61) during the first 48 h of life, and the non-hyperglycemic group was defined as that having maximum glucose of less than 150 mg/dL (n=80). Perinatal history, severity of illness using the Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score, clinical outcomes, and mortality of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the gestational age between the two groups, but the birth weight (P<0.001) was significantly lower, and the CRIB score (P<0.001) was significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (P<0.001) and clinically suspected sepsis (P=0.046) were more common in the hyperglycemic group. Mortality was markedly higher in the hyperglycemic group (11.3% vs. 41.0%, P<0.001). On performing a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, hyperglycemia (OR 3.787; 95% CI 1.324 to 10.829), the CRIB score (OR 1.252; 95% CI 1.047 to 1.496) and birth weight (OR 0.997; 95% CI 0.994 to 1.000) was independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: Stress hyperglycemia within the first 48 h of life is independently related to increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.

El respeto a las normas de tránsito en la cuidad de Santa Fe, Argentina / Traffic law compliance in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina

Se realizó un estudio de campo observacional descriptivo para evaluar el cumplimiento de algunas normas de tránsito en la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina, y comparar los resultados con mediciones realizadas anteriormente. Para ello, entre el 2 y el 4 de enero de 2006, se verificó en 13 sitios de la ciudad el cumplimiento de las normas que obligan a los automovilistas a usar cinturón de seguridad y a llevar a los menores de 10 años en el asiento trasero, y a los motociclistas, a conducir con casco y a no transportar menores. Las observaciones abarcaron 4 173 automóviles y 1 013 motocicletas. Solo 9 por ciento de los conductores de automóviles usaban el cinturón de seguridad. En 56 por ciento de los 246 automóviles que transportaban menores, estos se hallaban en el asiento delantero. En cuanto a los motociclistas, solo 12 por ciento usaba casco y 6,7 por ciento transportaba niños. Al comparar estas observaciones con cinco registros anuales anteriores, se comprobó que en los últimos tres años disminuyeron los porcentajes de acatamiento de estas normas de tránsito. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la mayoría de los conductores de vehículos de la ciudad argentina de Santa Fe viola las normas de tránsito consideradas. Para lograr disminuir la elevada mortalidad por accidentes viales no basta con contar con leyes de tránsito y organizar campañas de información, sino que, además, es necesario implementar sistemas que vigilen el cumplimiento de las normas.

An observational, descriptive study was conducted to evaluate compliance with certain traffic regulations in city of Santa Fe, Argentina, and compare these with measurements taken in prior years. During January 2-4, 2006, at 13 sites across the city, compliance with the following traffic rules was measured: for car drivers: seat belt use and restricting minors to the rear seat; and for motorcycle drivers: helmet use and not carrying a minor on board. At total of 4 173 cars and 1 013 motorcycles were observed. Only 9 percent of the car drivers wore seatbelts. Of the 246 cars carrying minors, 56 percent had a minor in the front seat. Regarding the motorcycles drivers, only 12 percent wore a helmet and 6.7 percent had a child on board. When these observations were compared with those of the previous five years, findings showed that over the past three years compliance rates had decreased. The results of this study suggest that most drivers in city of Santa Fe do not obey the stated traffic laws. In order to reduce the high rate of mortality from traffic accidents, in addition to legislation and public-awareness campaigns, a system for enforcing compliance is needed.

Normas de segurança para o transporte de crianças em automóveis / Safety strategies for traveling children in cars

Objetivo: revisar as normas de segurança para transporte de crianças em automóveis, abordando aspectos práticos de utilização dos sistemas de retenção infantil para cada faixa etária...

Objective: to review the safety strategies concerning car transportation of children, focusing practical points about usage of child restraint car seats at any age...

Recent outcome of extremely low birth weight infants: The use of CRIB(clinical risk index for babies) II score for analyzing the survival rate / 소아과

PURPOSE: The survival rate of infants weighing less than 1,000 g at birth(extremely low birth weight infants, ELBWI) has increased due to recent advances in perinatal and neonatal intensive care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rates of ELBWI born at Seoul National University Hospital during the last six years. METHODS: A total of 99 infants were divided into three groups(period I : 2000 to 2001, period II: 2002 to 2003, period III: 2004 to 2005) based on date of birth. We compared the survival rate of ELBWI over the three periods, using CRIB II score for adjustment for clinical severity. RESULTS: Overall survival rate of ELBWI was 74.7 percent. The survival rate of ELBWI increased over the three periods(period I: 60.7 percent, period II : 73.3 percent, period III: 85.3 percent). The threshold of viability(defined as survival of at least 50 percent of infants) was 25 weeks of gestation and 600 g at birth. The birth weight-specific survival rates increased considerably over the three periods for infants < 750 g at birth(period I: 10 percent, period II: 46.2 percent, period III: 70.6 percent). The survival rates of ELBWI over the three periods increased much remarkably after adjustment for clinical severity by CRIB II score. CONCLUSION: In our institution, survival rates of ELBWI during the last six years continued to improve, particularly for infants weighing < 750 g at birth. This increase in survival rates was not associated with the clinical severity of ELBWI.

O pediatra e a segurança no trânsito / The pediatrician and traffic safety

OBJETIVO: Através de revisão bibliográfica, orientar o transporte seguro da criança e do adolescente e o seu comportamento como ciclista e pedestre. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão bibliográfica através do banco de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando os seguintes termos: acidentes de trânsito, criança, adolescente, morbidade, mortalidade, faixas etárias e gênero, no período de 1995 a 2005. Foram selecionados artigos científicos que relataram estudos de morbimortalidade por acidentes de trânsito, criança na situação de pedestre, ciclista e passageira de veículo a motor. SíNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram encontrados mais de 300 artigos científicos, sendo selecionados aqueles que tratassem dos assuntos em questão de forma mais geral. CONCLUSÕES: A mortalidade no trânsito ainda é muito alta e mostra a necessidade de intensificar investimentos em medidas efetivas de segurança para pedestres, passageiros e condutores de veículos, reforço das leis e de controle ambiental, além de campanhas e ações educativas continuadas de conscientização da comunidade. O pediatra pode colaborar nesse processo por meio da orientação e educação, no âmbito clínico e na comunidade.

The design of preoperative multipurpose coloclyster for the neonatal giant colons / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper proposes a designing concept of a multipurpose coloclyster for neonates, and introduces its structure and functions of its components in detail. The clinical application of this instrument will reduce the labour intensity of medical personnels, shorten the time of preoperative preparation and lessen complication of the patients.

Scoring Method for Predicting the Mortality of Premature Infants: Comparison with CRIB

PURPOSE: To develop a new scoring method for predicting the mortality at 28 days of life in premature infants. METHODS: From January 2000 to August 2001 (period I), medical records of 138 premature infants less than 32 weeks' gestation admitted at Asan Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively, and a predictive model (named as KCRIB28) was developed based on several steps of regression analysis. From January 2001 to December 2002 (period II), KCRIB28 was validated for 99 premature infants admitted at Ulsan University Hospital using retrospective cohort study, and compared with results of CRIB score for those infants. The primary outcome variable was death at 28 days of life. RESULTS: One hundred twenty seven (92%) of 138 infants during period I and 86 (86.9%) of 99 infants during period II survived over 28 days of life (P=0.07). The mean gestational age and birth weight (+/-SD) were 29.1+/-2.0 weeks and 1.23+/-0.35 kg, respectively, during period I, and 29.6+/-2.0 weeks and 1.37+/-0.46 kg, respectively, during period II. Gestational age, birth weight, 5-min. Apgar score and peak inspiratory pressure divided by birth weight at 12 hours of age were selected as parameters of KCRIB 28. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs) were 0.84 (SEM, 0.08; 95%CI, 0.77-0.90) during period I and 0.89 (SEM, 0.06; 95%CI, 0.81-0.94) during period II. No differences in AUCs were found between KCRIB 28 and CRIB for patients during period II (P=0.75). CONCLUSION: KCRIB 28 can be used as a valuable measurement to predict the mortality of premature infants at 28 days of life.